量刑说理:现实问题、逻辑进路与技术规制

Sentencing Reasoning:Real Questions,Logical Approach and Technical Regulation

量刑说理是指根据事实与法律对量刑进行学理分析与说明。我国刑事判决书在量刑时通常不说理或者说理粗疏化,其根源在于量刑说理难度大而法官说理能力相对不济与法官拥有广泛的自由裁量权。量刑说理应当以三段论为基础,根据不同的量刑规范命题的结构形式区别对待。量刑说理需要论证量刑结论具有较高的可接受性,符合语用逻辑,说理用语应具有契合性与情景感,并适当运用修辞与对话方法。量刑说理的技术规制措施有:将刑事判决书中的"量刑理由"改成"量刑说理";实行实质说理制度;明确量刑说理繁简分流的依据和标准;加强对量刑说理的审查和监督;构建量刑判例信息库。

Sentencing reasoning refers to the theoretical analysis and explanation on sentencing by facts and law. Non-argument or botchy argument are basical characters of Chinese criminal judgment, and the difficulty of sentencing reasoning originates from the judge＇s incapacity and extensive discretion endued by criminal law. The sentencing reasoning which is based on the syllogism should be treated differently accord- ing to the proposition＇s structures of legal norms of sentencing. Sentencing reasoning must justify the conclu- sion of sentencing with higher acceptability, use pragmatic logic and appropriate logic language, and sentencing reasoning also needs the help of methods of rhetoric and conversation. The technical measures of regula tion about sentencing reasoning are as follows： sentencing reasons in the criminal judgment should be replaced with sentencing reasoning; the substantive reasoning should be put into practice; the basis and standards of the division of the complicated and simple sentencing reasoning should be clear; the review and supervision of sentencing reasoning should be strengthened; information database of sentencing reasoning case should be constructed.