马铃薯收获与气力辅助残膜回收联合作业机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Combined Operation Machine for Potato Harvesting and Plastic Film Pneumatic Auxiliary Collecting

针对大面积推广大垄双行覆膜马铃薯栽培模式所造成的田间残膜污染问题,设计了马铃薯收获与气力辅助残膜回收联合作业机,一次作业可同步实现薯块挖掘铺条与残膜回收。通过对样机关键作业部件进行设计选型,确定了阶梯挖掘铲、土薯抖动升运装置及浮动式气力卷膜装置结构及作业参数,分析了浮动式气力卷膜装置作业过程,得出确保该装置不产生残膜滞留堵塞、拉断及打滑现象的必要条件,对地轮田间行走产生不滑动的滚动条件进行了分析计算,并完成了样机相关作业性能试验。田间试验结果表明,当联合作业机作业速度为1.8~2.0 km/h时,残膜回收率为91.6%,明薯率为96.8%,伤薯率为2.3%,试验指标均达到了国家和行业标准要求,试验结果满足设计要求。

According to the problems of field plastic film pollution caused by the cultivation pattern of potato big ridge double line which was promoted in large area in Northwest China,the combined operation machine for potato harvesting and plastic film pneumatic auxiliary collecting was designed,which had synchronous implementation function of potato harvesting and plastic film pneumatic collecting. Based on design and selection of key operation parts for the prototype,the structure and operation parameters of ladder digging blade,soil-potato dither conveyor device and floating pneumatic curl-up film mechanism were determined. The operation process of floating pneumatic curl-up film mechanism was analyzed and the conditions to make sure that the floating pneumatic curl-up film mechanism did not produce the phenomenon of plastic film remained and jam,tensile and skid were achieved,the conditions of wheel did not slip but rolling in the field were analyzed and calculated. For the relevant work performance test of prototype,the field experiment results showed that when the operation speed of the combined operation machine was 1. 8 ~ 2. 0 km / h,the plastic film collecting ratio was 91. 6%,the obvious ratio of potato was96. 8% and the injury ratio of potato was 2. 3%,which met the relevant work quality evaluation specification requirements,and also the experiment results met the design requirements of combined operation machine. The research achievement would provide an important reference for root-tuber crop collecting machine development under plastic film mulching cultivation.