摘要
通过大田试验,研究了不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、施蚯蚓粪(VC)及蚯蚓粪和尿素各提供50%的氮(VC+CF)等处理对土壤物理性质、豇豆根系活力、形态特征及根际中根系分泌物含量与腐殖质组成的影响。结果表明:VC和VC+CF处理较CF处理能显著降低土壤容重,并明显提高土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度。各施肥处理对豇豆在幼苗期的根系特征和根际土壤腐殖质组成的影响不明显;而在伸蔓期和开花结荚期,与CF处理相比,VC+CF处理显著提高了豇豆的根系活力,并明显增加了豇豆的总根长、比根长、根表面积、根体积与根尖数,而根系直径却显著降低,其中开花结荚期的根表面积分别比CK、CF和VC处理增加144.88%、80.73%和36.82%;同时,VC+CF处理也提高了豇豆根际土壤中根系分泌物和胡敏酸含量,并提升胡敏酸与富里酸比值,其中开花结荚期的胡敏酸含量分别较CK、CF和VC处理高出45.19%、37.06%和7.69%。此外,VC+CF处理可明显提高豇豆产量,显著改善豇豆品质,且作用效果显著优于其他处理。随着豇豆生育期的推进,蚯蚓粪配施尿素的影响作用逐渐增大。综上,蚯蚓粪与尿素配施有利于改善豇豆的根系特性和根际土壤腐殖质组成,增强土壤的供肥性能,有助于促进豇豆生长并提高产量和品质。
A field experiment was conducted to explore the effect of vermicompost on the root absorption characteristics and humus composition of cowpea rhizosphere soil. The effects of different treatments,i. e.,CK( neither urea nor vermicompost was applied),CF( 100% of nitrogen was provided by urea),VC( 100% of nitrogen was provided by vermicompost),and VC + CF( vermicompost and urea each provided 50% of nitrogen) on soil physical property,root activity,root morphological characteristics and root exudates,as well as humus composition in the rhizosphere soil of cowpea were studied. The results indicated that in comparison with CF treatment,the VC and VC + CF treatments evidently decreased soil bulk density,and significantly increased soil total porosity,capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity.Different fertilization treatments had no significant effect on root characteristics and humus composition in the rhizosphere soil at the seedling stage of cowpea. While at the stretch tendril period and flowering and pods formation stage,VC + CF treatment significantly increased root activity and obviously increased the total root length,specific root length,root surface area,root volume and root tip number,while the root average diameter was apparently decreased compared with CF treatment. The root surface area in the VC + CF treatment was increased by 144. 88%,80. 73% and 36. 82% at the flowering and pods formation stage compared with the treatments of CK,CF and VC,respectively. Meanwhile,VC + CF treatment also significantly increased the contents of root exudates and humic acid,and increased the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid,showing 45. 19%,37. 06% and 7. 69% increases in humic acid content over the treatments of CK,CF and VC at the flowering and pods formation stage,respectively.Additionally,the VC + CF treatment could significantly increase yield and improve quality of cowpea,which had statistically significant differences with other treatments. Along with the extension of cowpea growth period,the impact of vermicompost co-applied with urea on root growth and soil physic-chemical properties of cowpea presented a gradually increasing trend. As a result,the application of vermicompost co-applied with urea was beneficial to root absorption characteristics and humus composition in the rhizosphere soil and soil nutrient-supply capacity improvement as well as growth with high-yield and highquality of cowpea.
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第1期212-219,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
山东省农业良种工程项目(鲁科字(2013)207号)
关键词
豇豆
蚯蚓粪
根系形态特征
根系分泌物
腐殖质组成
cowpea
vermicompost
root morphological characteristics
root exudates
humus composition