基于GIS的区域土壤侵蚀敏感性评价——以怒江州为例

An assessment on toregional Soil Erosion Sensitivity based on GIS:Taking Nujiang Prefecture as an area of study

怒江州作为三江并流世界遗产核心地,生态区位重要,承担着国家生态安全战略,以此区域研究土壤侵蚀敏感性具有重要的意义.在RUSLE模型和对研究区的自然环境特征研究基础上,选取降雨侵蚀力、地形起伏度、土壤可蚀性、植被覆盖(植被覆盖度和土地利用类型综合)等作为评价因子,采用几何平均数法和土壤侵蚀潜在危险性指数模型综合评价怒江州土壤侵蚀敏感性.研究表明:土壤侵蚀敏感性对各因子的敏感性都较高,说明怒江州各自然要素特征都较容易形成土壤侵蚀;土壤侵蚀总体处于高度敏感,占总面积68.12%,潜在危险性指数为5.9,验证了统计结果.总体上,三江两岸敏感性较高;土壤侵蚀与人类活动的空间存在耦合性,人口越密集区,敏感性越高,主要体现在坡耕地的较高敏感性.总之,该区域水土保持的关键在于对土地的合理利用.

Nujiang Prefecture is a core region of Three Parallel Rivers of the world heritage, an important ecological niches,and undertaking the national ecological security strategy.It is of a great importance to do some research on soil erosion sensitivity.The factors such as Rainfall erosivity, the terrain height degree ,soil erosion ,vegetation coverage （comprehension between vegetation coverage degree and land use types） have been used to assess comprehensively soil erosion sensitivity in Nujiang Prefecture with application in the geometric mean method and soil erosion potential danger index based on RUSLE model and the natural ervironmental characteristics.Research shows that the soil erosion is of higher sensitivity to each factor, and it can explain that all natural elements characteristics being easier to form a soil erosion.In general, soil erosion of Nujiang Prefecture with a highly sensitive that is 68.12% of the total, and potentially dangerous index of soil erosion is 5.9.It shows the statistic results have been verified.In general ,the sensitivity both sides of three rivers is higher; the spaces of soil erosion and human activity has a coupling effect that the more densely populated the area is, the higher sensitivity can be reflected on the slope cropland.In a word, the rational land planning and usage is the key to conserving regional soil and water.