巴基斯坦地方民族主义运动和国家治理政策探析

Ethno-National Movement and State Governance Policies in Pakistan

由民族问题引发的暴力恐怖活动一直是巴基斯坦安全问题的主要源头之一。增进对巴基斯坦民族问题的了解,有助于我们积极应对"中巴经济走廊"建设中面临的安全挑战。巴基斯坦是一个多民族国家,复杂的民族问题,是巴基斯坦独立以来国家建构的主要障碍之一,损害了国家的发展和稳定。本文从巴基斯坦地方民族主义运动的角度切入,首先介绍巴基斯坦民族问题的缘起,其次介绍三个主要的地方民族主义运动,即信德民族主义运动、俾路支民族主义运动和萨莱基民族主义运动,最后分析这些地方民族主义运动形成的原因,并从2010年的宪政改革入手探讨巴基斯坦对于民族问题的国家治理政策。

Pakistan is a multi-ethnic state.The intricate ethnicity problem has been one of the major challenges to Pakistan's nation-building and has seriously affected its territorial integrity,stability and development.Enhancing understanding of Pakistan's ethnic problems will be helpful to address the difficulties and challenges in the construction of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor,aproject to which Chinese and Pakistani governments have attached great strategic importance currently,and to the understanding of Pakistani society in the long run.This paper focuses on the question of ethnicity and the ethno-national movements in Pakistan.It first introduces the origin of Pakistan's ethnic problems,and then it examines three main ethno-national movements,which are Sindhi nationalist movement,Saraiki movement and Baloch nationalist movement.At the end it analyses the origin and evolvement of these ethno-national movements and discusses Pakistan's governance policies on ethnic problems in light of the 18 th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan adopted by the National Assembly in 2010.