“美德伦理学”与古代社会的基本原则

“Virtue-oriented Ethics” and the Basic Principles of Ancient Society

如果说以"自由意志"为基础的"归责伦理学"的首要工作是要确立起个体之间那些相互性的普遍法则,从而为构建现代社会确立基本原则,那么,以"知识"为基础的"美德伦理学"的核心工作则是给出关于善的知识与成就以此知识为前提的美德。正是在追问关于善的无视角的知识与如何成就美德的努力中,"美德伦理学"确立了"目的论原则"从而确立起了构成古代社会秩序基础的一系列基本原则。古代社会与现代社会之别在根本上乃在于人们据此建构社会秩序的那些基本原则的不同,而这些基本原则的差异则植根于人类对自身的理解与深化。

On the premise that the primary task of ＂attribution-oriented ethics＂ based on ＂free will＂ is to establish the universal rules of reciprocity between individuals and further on to establish the basic principles for the construction of modern society, the core task of＂ virtue-oriented ethics＂ based on＂ knowledge＂ is to provide knowledge of goodness and achieve virtue based on this knowledge. It is in the quest for knowledge of goodness without perspective and in the effort to achieve virtue that the ＂virtue-oriented ethics＂ has established the ＂teleological principle＂ and a series of basic principles for the establishment of the order of the ancient society. In essence, the difference between ancient society and modem society lies with the difference in the basic principles with which people build social order. The difference of these basic principles is rooted in the understanding and deepening of awareness of human nature.