从经验回归逻辑:请求权理论在行政法中的扬弃——从最高人民法院第69号指导案例楔入

Returning from Empiricism to Logic:Sublation of the Theory of Claim Right in Administrative Law——A Case Study of the No.69 Demonstration Case by the Supreme People's Court

基础权利与请求权——对应的传统请求权逻辑和单纯的经验判断模式,在行政法中存在重大缺陷。其原因在于,发轫于私法体系的传统请求权理论是一种分割公、私法请求权的历史发展结果。这种请求权理论虽然在私法体系中居于枢纽地位,但也极度依赖私法体系的规范环境。行政法律规范的义务主导性,义务、权利之不可互推性,以及合法利益与公法权利之间的非对应性,均决定了传统请求权理论在行政法领域的水土不服。一种适合行政法领域的请求权理论必须能够超越行政法律规范中的义务之局限,充分借助现有衍生公法权利及其请求权对利益的既有评价与权衡,即一种回归精致逻辑又能够满足行政法特殊性的请求权理论。

The basic right and claim right with the corresponding traditional logic of claim right and pure mode of em- pirical judgment show major defects in administrative law. The cause lies in the fact that the theory of traditional claim right originated in the private law system is a result of historical development of the division between public and private laws. ＇This claim-right theory,though occupying a pivotal position in the private law system,relies heavily on the normative environment of the private law system. The non-reciprocal nature of the obligations and rights in the administrative legal norms ,and the non-cor- responding nature between the legitimate interests and the rights of the public law ,have determined that the traditional theory of claim right can no longer work properly in the administrative law. A theory of claim right suited to the domain of administrative law must be able to transcend the limitations of the obligations in the administrative legal norms,and make full use of the existing evaluation and balance of the existing derivative public law rights and the accompanying claim right, that is to say, a theory of claim right that returns to delicate logic and meet the requirements of particularity of administrative law.