不同提取方法对丹桂挥发油成分的影响

Analysis of Essential Oil Extracted by Different Methods from Osmanthus fragrans

为探究不同提取方法对丹桂挥发油成分的影响,同时采用水蒸气蒸馏(SD)、同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)、超临界CO_2萃取(SFE-CO_2)和顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)技术对丹桂挥发油进行提取和GC-MS分析。结果表明:SD和SDE方法提取得到的化合物种类较多,且主要化合物均为酮类和醇类及其氧化物,含量最高的化合物分别为β-紫罗兰酮和植酮。SFE-CO_2和HS-SPME得到的化合物种类较少,但主要化合物明显,均为醇类及其氧化物,含量最高的化合物分别为顺-α,α-5-三甲基-5-乙烯基四氢化呋喃-2-甲醇和(E)-呋喃芳樟醇氧化物。此外,SD和SDE方法提取得到的丹桂挥发油颜色变化较大(浅黄),且香味失真。SFE-CO_2得到的挥发油颜色鲜艳(橙红),香味浓郁。因此,SFE-CO_2和HS-SPME更适于丹桂挥发油的提取或分析。

In order to investigate the influence of different extraction methods on essential oil components of Os- manthus fragrans, the steam distillation （SD）, simultaneous distillation and extraction （SDE）, supercritical CO2 ex- traction （SFE- CO2 ）, and headspace solid- phase micro -extraction （HS -SPME） methods were used to extract the essential oil simultaneously. Furthermore, GC -MS method was used to analysis the chemical composition. Re-suhs indicated that many kinds of chemical compositions were obtained by SD and SDE methods. Ketones, alcohols and their oxides were found to be the main chemical components. The major compositions are β -Ionone and 6, 10, 14 - trimethyl - 2 - pentadecanone, respectively. Alcohols and their oxides were found to be the main chemical com- ponents of essential oil extracted by SFE - CO2 and HS - SPME methods. The major composition were c/s - 5 - ethe- nyltetrahydro - α, α - 5 - trimethyl - 2 - furanmethanol and （E） - furanoid linalool oxide, respectively. The color and smell of essential oil obtained by SD and SDE methods were changed. Comparatively, essential oil extracted by SFE -CO2 method was with fruity- floral aroma and fresh color. Hence, compared with SD and SDE methods, SFE - CO2 and HS - SPME methods were more suitable for extraction or analysis of Osmanthus fragrans essential oil.