戊戌变法前后进化论思想如何揳入中国--以孙宝瑄日记为中心

Trend of Events,Gene,Strategy:The Process of Evolutionary Thought Entering into China and be Localized Before and After the Reform Movement of 1898——Center on Sun Baoxuan Diary

进化论进入中国的外因有四:亡国灭种的空前危机、大争之世的世界图景、新的媒体时代和交通时代、清朝思想钳制的松懈和地方势力的崛起。进化论在中国传播的思想内因有三:中华文化固有的理性精神、经世传统和义利相合的美好愿景。进化论的传播策略有二:进化论思想的多重脸谱和上下交攻的传播路径。进化论带给中国的重大改变是:理论照进了现实、力与利的解放和结果导向的评价方式。

How did evolution thought enter into China？ What does evolution thought bring to China？ These two questions are the core issues of this paper. The situations of evolution thought entering into China are： rising for an unprecedented crisis, competition becoming the main characteristics of the world vision, coming of new media era and traffic times, relaxing of thought control by Qing Dynasty and the rising of local forces. The internal causes of evolution thought spreading in China are ： rational spirit, the Confucian experience and usefulness, the justice and profit, which are inherent in Chinese culture. There are two strategies of the spreading of evolution thought ： the multiple faces of evolutionary thought and the spread path of the upper and lower attacks. The major changes brought by evolution thought to China are： the combination of theory and practice, the liberation of forces and benefits, and the form- ing of evaluation model of result oriented.