重来之赛,规则已殆——里约奥运会“重赛风波”的法律思考

Re-held Race Endangers Rules

对里约奥运会上女子4×100米接力赛的"重赛风波",中国队原本可以继续向国际体育仲裁院(CAS)奥运会特别仲裁机构上诉。根据《奥林匹克宪章》、《奥运会仲裁规则》、《国际田联章程》、奥运会参赛报名表,以及CAS奥运会特别仲裁的先例,仲裁庭对赛场裁判纠纷具有管辖权,不受国际田联内部规则"裁判技术事项不可上诉"规定的限制。体育比赛的规则并不享有司法审查的豁免。CAS仲裁庭的审查主要涉及正当程序、是否存在恶意、对比赛规则的解释和适用是否出现了重大错误三个方面。从规则解释适用的文义解释方法、体系解释方法、历史解释方法和目的解释方法来看,国际田联裁判长与裁判仲裁委员会"单独重赛"决定,是对比赛规则的错误解释和适用,CAS仲裁庭可以进行矫正。CAS的仲裁裁决可以继续向瑞士联邦最高法院上诉。国际田联的比赛规则需要进行修改,可以考虑赋予第三方运动员(队)以参加重赛的选择权,来防止再次出现同类纠纷。

As for the Women＇ s 4 × 100 meter relay race ＂re- held dispute＂, Chinese team should have the chance to appear to the Court of Arbitration for Sport （CAS） Olympic Games ad hoc division. Under the relevant rules of Olympic Charter, Rules of Olympic Games Arbitration, IAAF Statutes, the Entrance Form to Olympic Games, and the case law of the CAS Olympic Games ad hoe arbitration, the CAS panel has jurisdiction over the field of play decisions by the referees and this jurisdiction is beyond the limitation of the internal IAAF rules of ＂no appeal of the technical decisions by the referees＂. The game rules do not have the immunity from the judicial review. The review scope by the CAS panel includes issues of due process, bad faith, and fundamental mistakes of interpretation of game rules. In the perspective of rules of law interpretation methods i.e. semantic interpretation, systematic interpretation, historic interpretation, and objective interpretation, the ＂solely re--held＂ decision by the IAAF referee and Jury of Appeal is a mistake of interpretation and application to the IAAF Competition Rules, so the CAS panel shall correct it. The awards by the CAS panel can be appealed to the Swiss Federal Tribunal. The IAAF Competition Rules should be amended in order to avoid the similar disputes being raised in the future.