早熟无核葡萄新品种‘紫金早生’的选育

Breeding report of a new early seedless grape cultivar ‘Zijin zaosheng'

‘紫金早生’是‘金星无核’通过化学诱变选育出的早熟、无核葡萄新品种,欧美杂种。果穗圆锥形,较整齐,平均单穗质量317.4 g,果粒圆形或椭圆形,紫黑色,平均单粒质量5.2 g,果皮中等厚,果肉质地较软,有较浓的玫瑰香味,平均可溶性固形物含量为17.2%,可滴定酸含量为0.66%。在南京地区,7月中旬果实成熟,早果性及丰产性强,抗病性强。

＇Zijin zaosheng＇ is an early-ripening and seedless grape with high yield, strong pathogen resistance and rose-fragrant. The original plant was selected from the variation of ＇Venus Seedless＇ grape in Institute of Horticulture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences （JAAS）. In 2000, stem-segment with single bud of ＇Venus Seedless＇ grape was treated by 0.2% colchicine, and 42 single plants were obtained in 2001. These signal plants began to produce fruits in 2003. After three years observation, it was selected in 2006 as for its seedless, strong rosefragrant, good comprehensive characters, stable fruit bearing and strong pathogen resistance. From 2008, it was evaluated in regional trials under the name of ＇3-2D-05＇ in Lishui, Jiangning and Wuxi. In November of 2015, it was put on records by the fruit, tea arid flower variety appraisal committee of Jiangsu province and named ＇Zijin zaosheng＇. ＇Zijin zaosheng＇ belongs to V. vinifera - V. labrusca type, diploid plant and bisexual flower. The growth vigor of the plant is middle. Young shoots and young leaves are yellowish green, leaves surface and back are covered with heavy hair, internode ventral of the shoot are green. Adult leaves are medium size and tend to nearly triangle, three lobes, superfissure, oval hollow petiole is mild overlapping, serration on the leaf edge is short, both side of the serration are bossed. There is no or little anthocyanin in the principal vein of leaves surface. Creeping and vertical villi is very heavy among the principal vein of leaves back. The distribution of tendril is inconsecutive. ＇Zijin zaosheng＇ has conical cluster, the average cluster length is 16.6 cm, average cluster wide is 9.4 cm, average cluster weight is 317.4 g. The fruit grain is round or short-ellipse, the cluster is compact, uniform size, pericarp color is purple-black, and average grain weight is 5.2 g. Bloom is thick, and pericarp thickness is medium. The flesh is soft with sweet and strong rose-fragrant. The berries are seedless, but very few berries have remaining remnant seeds. The soluble solid content is 17.2%, titratable acid content is 0.66%. In the Nanjing area, the time of budburst is usually late March, and flowering at early May. ＇Zijin zaosheng＇ is an early-ripening variety. From bud breaking to harvest time is about 112 d, and it harvest at the middle July in Nanjing, Jiangsu province; the average cluster number per bearing shoot is 1.7, pruportion of fruit branches is 90%-95%, germination rate is 95%-100%. The Juvenile period is short, just need 2 years, this variety can bear fi＇uits, and more than 1 100 kg for 666.7 m^2 during full fruit period. ＇Zijin zaosheng＇ has strong disease resistance, and can be planted in open field or under rain-shelter. The cultivated model is vertical trellis or pergola trellis system. Pruning pattern is short or very short cane pruning. It is better to remove the shoot tips before flower and remove partial berry and cluster to improve commercial quality of fruits.