少突胶质细胞前体细胞移植治疗中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病的研究进展

Oligodendrocyte precursor cell transplantation in treatment of demyelinating diseases of central nervous system:recent progress

脱髓鞘疾病是一类以髓鞘脱失为主要特征的神经系统疾病。脱髓鞘疾病可严重影响患者生活质量,并且目前鲜有令人满意的治疗方法。少突胶质细胞前体细胞(oligodendrocyte precursor cells,OPCs)是存在于中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)中,具有迁移、增殖及分化为成熟少突胶质细胞(oligodendrocytes,OLs)能力的前体细胞。OLs是CNS中的成髓鞘细胞,因此OPCs与CNS中髓鞘的发生和损伤后再生都密切相关。近些年对OPCs发育和分化分子基础研究的深入直接推动了利用多能干细胞定向分化以及体细胞谱系重编程等手段获得OPCs的进步,使OPCs移植成为可能治疗CNS脱髓鞘疾病的新方法。本文对近些年的相关研究进行了综述。

Demyelinating diseases are a group of nervous system disorders characterized by myelin sheath damage. Demyelinating diseases can seriously affect the quality of life of its victims and still lack satisfying therapeutic options. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells （OPCs） are progenitor cells exist in the central nervous system （CNS）, with migration and proliferation capacities and potential to differentiate into oligodendrocytes （OLs）, which are myelinated cells in the CNS, indicating that OPCs are closely related to myelination and post-injury regeneration in CNS. Recently, with the improved understanding of the mechanisms of OPCs development and lineage specification, the approaches to gain functional OPCs through directed differentiation from pluripotent stem cells or lineage reprogramming from somatic cells have been greatly promoted. Based on these achievements, OPCs transplantation becomes a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of demyelinating diseases of CNS. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress in this field.