长期高度活跃体力活动对绝经后妇女记忆刷新能力的影响

Effect of long-term highly active physical activity on memory updating ability of postmenopausal women

目的研究绝经后妇女记忆刷新能力受高度活跃体力活动影响的行为和大脑神经活动特点,为有效帮助绝经后妇女减缓记忆能力衰退和预防损伤提供科学依据。方法采用国际体力活动量表中文版(IPAQ-短卷)评定绝经后妇女日常生活中长期保持的体力活动水平,选取高度活跃体力活动者20例(高度活跃组)和非高度活跃体力活动者20例(普通对照组)。运用事件相关脑电位和行为监测技术,采集两组绝经后妇女在完成记忆刷新任务过程中的行为反应和脑电数据。结果在图形匹配n-Back任务中,高度活跃组在高、低负荷任务中的反应速度和行为准确性均优于普通对照组。在图形信息编码、匹配、刷新和短时储存过程中,两组的P3波幅均随记忆负荷的增加而下降。普通对照组对认知负荷较为敏感,即3-Back的P3潜伏期短于1-Back;而高度活跃组受记忆负荷影响小,对认知资源的动员、分配和运用能力强,即1-Back、3-Back的P3波峰以及额-中央-顶区D-N450波幅均大于普通对照组。结论长期保持高度活跃体力活动的绝经后妇女拥有更强的记忆刷新能力,具体反映在动作反应能力更优,对不同记忆负荷的知觉需求适应力强,对记忆内容编码-匹配-刷新-短时储存过程的认知加工策略更灵活、更高效。

Objective To study the behaviors and characteristics of memory updating ability in postmenopausal women with highly active physical activity, so as to provide evidence for slowing down memory loss and preventing injury in postmenopausal women. Methods The Chinese version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire （IPAQ-short volume） was used to evaluate the long-term physical activity levels of postmenopausal women, and the involved postmenopausal participants were divided into 2 groups： highly active physical activity group （n=20） and normal control group （n=20）. We collected the behavioral responses and electroencephalograph （EEG） data of postmenopausal women with different levels of physical activity during the memory updating task using event-related brain potentials and behavioral monitoring techniques. Results In the graph matching n-Back task, the reaction speed and accuracy of behavior in the high and low load task in highly active physical activity group were higher than those in the control group. In the process of coding, matching, refreshing and short-time storage of information, the amplitudes of P3 in two groups were decreased with the increase of the memory load. The latent period of 3-Back-P3 was significantly shorter than that of 1-Back in control group, indicating that postmenopausal women in control group were more sensitive to cognitive load. In highly active physical activity group, the P3 peak of 3-Back, 1-Back and the D-N450 amplitude of frontal, central and parietal area in highly active physical activity group were higher than those in the control group, indicating that the cognitive load had less effect on postmenopausal women in highly active physical activity group, who had a strong ability of mobilization, allocation and application for cognitive resources. Conclusion Postmenopausal women with long-term highly active physical activity have stronger memory updating ability, including better ability to respond to movements, stronger adaptability for perceptual requirements of different cognitive loads, and more flexible and efficient cognitive processing capacity for coding, matching, refreshing and short-time memory storage.