动眼神经麻痹的常见病因及相应临床特征

Causes and clinical characteristics of oculomotor nerve palsy

动眼神经对眼球功能的调节具有重要作用,主要支配提上睑肌、上直肌、下直肌、内直肌、下斜肌、瞳孔括约肌、睫状肌等。动眼神经麻痹作为临床常见症状之一,常出现复视、上睑下垂、眼肌麻痹、瞳孔功能障碍等一项或多项表现;其病因复杂,常见有颅内动脉瘤、脑血管梗死或出血性疾病、糖尿病、颅内炎症、颅脑外伤、先天性等。每种病因所致的动眼神经麻痹均有其相应的临床特征。本文综述了动眼神经麻痹的常见病因和相应的发病机制、临床表现、体征、治疗方法以及预后等,为临床上快速、准确地寻找病因并进行有效治疗提供帮助。

Oculomotor nerve plays an important role in regulating the function of eyeball by controlling levator palpebrae superioris muscle, superior rectus muscle, inferior rectus muscle, medial rectus muscle, inferior oblique muscle, sphincter pupillae muscle and ciliary muscle. Oculomotor nerve palsy is a common clinical symptom characterized by diplopia, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia or pupillary dysfunction. The etiologies of oculomotor nerve palsy are complicated, including intracranial aneurysm, cerebral infarction and hemorrhage, diabetes, intracranial inflammation, craniocerebral trauma, congenital disease and so on. Palsy caused by different etiologies has corresponding clinical features. In this review, we summarized the common causes of oculomotor nerve palsy, and their corresponding pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, signs, treatments and prognosis, hoping to provide help for rapid identification of etiology and effective treatment of the oculomotor nerve palsy.