基于RS和GIS的莆田市土地利用景观格局变化分析

Changes of Land Use and Landscape Pattern in Putian Based on RS and GIS

为探讨莆田市1995-2015年间的土地利用景观格局变化特征,以1995、2005年和2015年的遥感影像为基础数据源,借助RS与GIS技术对3期的影像进行解译,得到莆田市3期土地利用型图。选取10个类别层级和5个景观层级的景观指数,对莆田市20a的土地利用景观格局结构变迁进行了综合分析,并利用Shannon多样性t检验方法检定莆田市及5个行政分区不同时段的景观格局是否发生显著性的变化。结果表明,1995-2015年间,农地、林地、水域和裸露地表现为减少趋势,建设用地大量增加。林地仍为莆田市的优势景观类型,农地和裸露地破碎化程度加大,且农地的形状逐年趋于规则化。莆田市整体景观的空间聚集度逐渐下降,破碎化程度日益加深,形状趋于复杂化。3个时段的莆田市土地利用景观格局均发生极显著的变化。除1995-2005年间城厢区和荔城区的景观格局变化不具有显著性,该时段内的其他行政区和其他时段的全部行政区土地利用格局变化均具有极显著性。

The purpose of this study was to explore the dynamic variation of landscape pattern of land use in Putian,Fujian Province from 1995 to 2015. Based on the three remote sensing images of Putian in 1995, 2005 and 2015, and by using RS and GIS technologies to interpret, the information of land use was obtained. Ten class metrics and five landscape metrics were chosen to analyze landscape pattern changes. The method of Shannon diversity t-test was used to identify whether the landscape pattern of Putian and its five administrative areas had a significant change. The results showed that the area of agricultural land, forestland, water body, and bare land decreased, and the area of construction land increased rapidly. The dominant landscape in Putian was forestland,the fragmentation of farmland and bare land increased,and the shape of farmland tended to be simple. At the same time, the landscape fragmentation aggravated, the shape of landscape tended to be complicated, and the spatial aggregation decreased. The landscape pattern of land use was significantly changed in three periods. Except for that the landscape pattern changed in Chengxiang District and Licheng District from 1995 to 2005 was not significant, the landscape pattern of other districts in the same period and all districts in other periods had a significant change.