高度近视巩膜厚度研究现状与进展

Scleral thickness in high myopic eyes

巩膜组织萎缩变薄是高度近视发展中的重要环节。高度近视患眼通常后极部巩膜最厚，赤道部巩膜最薄；多认为巩膜厚度与眼轴长度呈负相关；伴有后巩膜葡萄肿患者巩膜更薄，且后巩膜葡萄肿高度与巩膜厚度呈负相关。目前高度近视巩膜厚度的测量方法主要有组织学检查、光相干断层扫描（OCT）增强深部成像技术（EDI．OCT）、扫频OCT（SS．OCT）。随着OCT技术的发展，针对轻中度近视人群及正常人群开展巩膜研究正逐渐变为可能，有助于进一步探讨巩膜在高度近视发生发展中的作用机制。

Thinning and atrophy of sclerotic tissues play an important role in the development of high myopia. High myopic eyes had the thickest sclera at the posterior pole and the thinnest sclera at the equator. Most clinical studies found that scleral thickness was negatively correlative with the axial length. Patients complicated with posterior staphyloma had even thinner selera, and its height was negatively related with the scleral thickness. At present, the main measurement methods for scleral thickness of high myopic eyes include histological measurement, enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography （OCT）, and swept-source OCT. Following the development of OCT technique, it gradually becomes feasible to carry out studies on sclera thickness in mildly and moderately myopic populations, which is helpful to illuminate the mechanism of action of sclera on the onset and progression of high myopia.