匍行性脉络膜炎的研究现状与进展

Clinical profile and progress of serpiginous choroiditis

匍行性脉络膜炎（SC）是一种少见的双眼复发性、慢性进行性脉络膜炎症，主要侵犯脉络膜毛细血管层和视网膜色素上皮层。眼底典型表现为视盘周围灰黄色或灰白色多角形的盘状病灶。荧光素眼底血管造影、吲哚青绿血管造影、眼底自身荧光及光相干断层扫描等影像检查有助于不具有典型眼底改变的SC诊断，且可以评估病灶的活动性、进展、对药物治疗的反应以及监测可能发生的并发症。临床应主要与结核、病毒相关的多灶性SC进行鉴别诊断。SC病因不明，考虑其可能与自身免疫和感染相关。目前主要采用全身糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂联合应用进行治疗；对于全身糖皮质激素禁忌者，可眼周、球内注射等局部运用糖皮质激素。及时有效的控制炎症能有效阻止SC患者的视力损伤、脉络膜新生血管以及脉络膜瘢痕的形成。

Serpiginous choroiditis （SC） is infrequent, chronic and posterior uveitis displaying a geographic pattern of choroiditis easy to recur. Studies reveal that the active lesions of inflammatory processes are mainly localized to the choriocapillaris and retinal pigment epithelium cells. SC may manifest with variable features, although a creeping pattern of choroiditis, extending from the juxtapapillary area, with grayish yellow discoloration. Fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, fundus auto-fluorescence and optical coherence tomography are helpful to diagnose atypical SC. In addition, these image examinations can evaluate the activity and progression of lesion, and detect any complication that might occur. SC is mainly distinguished from multifocal SC related with tuberculosis or virus and etc. Pathogenesis is unclear, an organ- specific autoimmune inflammation or infection seems likely to be the underlying process. It is mainly using glucocorticoid with immunosuppressant therapy at present. Timely and effectively control inflammation can effectively prevent vision loss, choroidal neovascularization and choroidal scar in SC patients.