“人工油气藏”理论、技术及实践

Concept,technology and practice of “man-made reservoirs” development

低渗透、致密油气及页岩油气在全球能源格局中占据愈发重要的地位,面临动用难度大、产量递减快、采收率低、开采成本高等亟需解决难题。为此提出"人工油气藏"开发新概念、新理念及技术方法新体系。提出以"甜点区"为基本单元,对渗透性差的油气区采取压裂、注入与采出一体化方式,形成一个"人工油气藏",以提高采收率并进行规模经济开发。通过井群开发、压裂造缝和针对性流体介质注入,改变地下流体渗流环境和补充地层能量,在"甜点区"单元内形成"人造高渗透区"与"重构渗流场",建立了"人工油气藏"地质、开发、生产、管理和决策综合信息管理系统,实现低渗透、致密油气与页岩油气大规模、有效益、可持续开发。创建了基于大数据的三维地震地质"甜点区"评价技术、井群大平台开发技术、体积改造人工智能造缝技术、渗吸置换与能量补充开采技术、基于云计算的"人工油气藏"智能管理技术,构建智慧油气田。在国内5大致密油气、页岩气区开展235井次先导性试验,致密油压采效果比以往常规技术提高2倍,页岩气实现商业开发,展示出良好应用前景。

Oil and gas resources in low permeability and unconventional reservoirs are playing more and more important role in global energy supply, and are confronted with pressing problems in hard development, quick production decline, low recovery efficiency and high exploitation cost. Therefore, new development concept ＂man-made reservoirs＂ and a complete set of techniques and methods are proposed. With ＂sweet spots＂ as units, an integrated way of fracturing, injection and recovery is presented for the low permeability oil and gas resources to reconstruct the underground seepage field and petroleum output system and finally to realize enhancement of the recovery efficiency. Well-group development, fracturing and targeted fluid injection are applied to change the underground seepage field, supplement the formation energy, and form ＂man-made high permeability area＂ and ＂reconstructed seepage field＂. By integration of information technology including big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence etc., an integrated information management platform of ＂man-made reservoirs＂ including geology, development, production, management and decision has been set up, and large-scale, effective and sustainable development of this kind of resources are realized. Five series techniques are developed including 3D seismic geological evaluation for sweet spot area, well-group platform development, intellectual volume fracture, imbibition displacement and energy complement development, and intellectual management development based on cloud computing for ＂man-made reservoir＂. In China, five blocks of shale gas and tight oil have been tested 235 times, and the effect of tight oil fracturing and output was 2 times better than that before, has achieved business development and showed bright perspectives.