走向“第三种科学”:地方性科学

Toward “the Third Kind of Science”:Local Science

"古代科学传统"(第一种科学)虽然可能暂时有利于环境保护,但是不能满足人们的物质生活需要,最终也不能保护环境。近现代科学("第二种科学")的"建构"(包括实验室"事实建构"和数学抽象的"理论建构")与"规训"(包括实验室认识过程中的"规训"和科学应用过程中的"规训"),是近现代科学造成环境问题的根本原因。鉴于此,试图通过发展"第二种科学"来解决环境问题是行不通的。要解决科学应用造成的环境问题,就必须变革近现代科学的"建构"和"规训"性质,让科学"回归"自然、"顺应"自然,大力发展直接"面向"自然、对自然自身展开研究的"地方性科学"("第三种科学")。"地方性科学"出于"人与自然的和谐发展",一改近现代科学"人类中心主义"的旨归,既能够促进经济发展,也能够保护环境。

Toward ＂ancient scientific tradition＂ （the first kind of science） is not feasible. Although it may temporarily be conductive to environmental protection, it cannot meet people＇s material life needs, and ultimately cannot protect the environment. The ＂construction＂ （including the fact construc- tion in laboratory and the theoretical construction of mathematical abstraction） and ＂discipline＂ （inclu- ding the discipline in laboratory cognition process and that in the process of scientific application） of modern science （also known as ＂the second kind of science＂ ）, is the root cause of environmental problems. In view of this, it is not feasible to solve environmental problems by developing ＂the second kind of science.＂ To solve the environmental problems caused by the scientific application, we must change the nature of ＂construction＂ and ＂discipline＂ of modern science so that science can ＂return to＂ nature, ＂conform toY＇ nature, and vigorously develop ＂local science＂ （also referred to as ＂the third sci- ence＂ ） which is directly nature-oriented and studies on nature itself. Then the ＂anthropocentric＂ mod- ern science would be transformed into local science, which is a relatively perfect science that speaks for the idea of ＂harmonious development of human beings and nature＂, so as to achieve the end of promo- ting economic development while protecting the environment at the same time.