小花草玉梅花器官变异多样性机制初步研究

Preliminary Study of Mechanism on Diversity of Floral Organ Variants in Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore

以野外条件下花器官发生了多样性变异的小花草玉梅(Anemone rivularis var.flore-minore)为材料,根据其花器官变异部位及程度将变异分为5类:全白、绿白相间、五瓣、全绿和极端变异。通过分子鉴定、花器官形态学观察、AP3-3基因分析,对其变异多样性机制进行了初步研究。结果表明,正常植株和变异植株的ITS2和rbc L序列无差异位点,表明正常植株和变异植株为同一物种;形态观察发现变异花形态差异很大,由外向内存在连续变异梯度,除正常和五瓣花的花被片数相对稳定外,其余各类型花器官数和占比均不稳定,且花被片数占比的增减与雄蕊、雌蕊的占比呈负相关,说明变异花中内层增加的花被片可能是由雄蕊和雌蕊转化而来;在正常和绿白相间变异AP3-3序列基础上,扩增其余4种变异植株的AP3-3,比对正常株和变异株AP3-3序列,发现变异株AP3-3在上游调控区有一段插入,在编码区有1个碱基缺失,其可能与小花草玉梅花器官变异有关。

After several years＇ survey,a serious of nature floral organs variants of Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore were determined. Based on varation organ and varation level,variants were divided into 5 types：white,green-white,five-flap,green and extreme variation. The variation mechanism was studied preliminarily through molecular identification,morphological observations,and AP3-3 genes analysis. The results indicate that both ITS2 and rbc L sequences from normal and variants had no difference after comparison,so the normal and variant plants were identified as the same species. Variant flowers had big differences in morphologys,which existed a variation gradient from outside,and proportion and number of floral organs were all unstable except tepals numbers from normal and five-flap flowers,besides,tepals proportion was negative correlation with stamens/carpels,so it indicated that increased tepals in variant flowers were very likely transformed from stamens and carpels. Based on AP3-3 genes from normal and green-white plants,the rest AP3-3 genes were amplified. Sequence alignment of AP3-3 from normal and variant plants showed that regulation region had a insertion and CDS region had 1 base deletion. Both of insertion and deletion might involve in variation.