论伏尔泰的历史写作与人文关切

On Voltaire's Historical Writing and Humanism

伏尔泰的文风简洁,作品呈现新古典主义风格。他的新古典主义的美学倾向使他笔下的人物具有崇高的特征,这赋予了历史人物理想特质而超越时空。他的写作语言活泼幽默,善于使用比喻、讽刺、对比等修辞方法,在结构编排上颇具匠心,跳出传统欧洲编撰史中的世界史框架,描绘多样的世界文明图景。他以人文视角研究历史,反对战争,主张宗教宽容。历史哲学的主旨是研究各个时代人类精神的发展,为此,伏尔泰对文明的生成、持存与衰亡进行了历史探询。

Voltaire＇s writings of history were concise and appeared neoclassical style. The figures who Voltaire narrated in his writings were noble, thus Voltaire gave the figures ideal beyond their times. The traits of his writings were lively and humor- ous. He liked to adopt the methods of rhetoric such as metaphor, irony, comparison. His writings were different from tradi- tional world history. He described various world civilizations and developed the structures of historical writings. His study was based on humanism, for example, he was against the war and advocated tolerance on religion. The development of the human spirit was the purport of philosophy of history. So, he thought about how civilization lived and disappeared, especially he analyzed how to keep the civilization.