城市与山林:沈周《东庄图》及其图像传统

Urban Landscape:Studies on Ming Dynasty Painter Shen Zhou's Pictures of the Eastern Estate and Its Image Tradition

东庄(Eastern Estate)位于苏州城东,为吴宽之父吴融所建。吴宽不仅请李东阳作《东庄记》,文学友人做东庄诗,还托请沈周为他绘制了一套《东庄图》册页。这些记文、诗赋和绘画都具有某种纪念性,纪念吴宽的父亲吴融,同时又展现出吴融及吴宽所拥有的财富、品行和修养。《东庄图》的意义还在于,它不仅成为现存明代最早的园林图像,直接影响到文徵明及其后的吴门画家,还建立起一种再现园林的图像模式。通过考察《东庄图》对城市空间、山川景物以及观看视角的处理方式,可以讨论明代以来"城市山林"的图像传统如何得以塑造成形。

Located in the eastern suburbs of Suzhou in Jiangsu province, the Eastern Estate was built by Wu Rong, father of the renowned scholar-official Wu Kuan （1435-1504）. Wu Kuan invited not only Li Dongyang to compose Travelogue of the Eastern Estate but also his poet friends to write poems about the estate. In addition, he asked Shen Zhou to paint Picture of the Eastern Estate （东庄图, album, Nanjing Museum）.These essays, poems and paintings were all meant to commemorate Wu Kuan＇s father and reflect their wealth, personality and self-cultivation. Pictures of the Eastern Estate, in particular, as the earliest existent Ming dynasty image showing garden design, influenced other artists of the Wumen school and created a way to recapture garden design image. Through a research on the method of depicting cityscape, landscape and viewpoints in this painting, how ＂urban landscape＂ painting was evolved from the Ming dynasty onward can be understood.