抗战时期节约运动述论

Saving Movement during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

抗日战争全面爆发后,为应对战时财政危机,达成"节约救国"和"节约建国"的诉求,国民政府在全国推行了一场影响深远的节约运动。1938年10月,国民政府公布了经国民参政会通过的纲领性文件《节约运动计划大纲》,提出以节约运动增强抗战力量,并为现代国家构建积蓄资本。战时节约运动以节约建国储蓄运动为中心,依托"四行二局"和各级储蓄机构以及党政军系统,国民政府在运动中建立了一个从中央到地方、从都市到乡村、从国内到海外的节约储蓄网,向民间社会和海外广泛吸纳资金。作为一场全民动员运动,节约运动得到社会民众的积极支持和广泛参与,并取得不小的经济成效。但由于国民政府难以控制国统区的物价膨胀,加之推行方式的不当,使节约运动未能发挥出应有的能量。

After the breakout of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, faced with increasing financial crisis, the national government launched the nationwide Saving Movement that had far- reaching influences. In October 1938, the national government formally announced the programmatic document Outline Plan of the Saving Movement, which had been approved by the National Political Council. In this plan, it is proposed that the goal of saving is to strengthen the power of fighting against the invaders and to raise capital for a modem state. The centre of the Saving Movement was encouraging savings. The plan was carried out by the ＂four banks and two bureaus＇; local banking institutions, the Kuomintang, the government and the military system. The national government established a network of savings extending from the central to local governments, from urban to rural areas and from China to overseas. As a national movement, the Saving Movement received tremendous support from the public and great economic achievements had been made. However, the national government was unable to control soaring prices and improper measures were taken to promote the movement.