公司制农场:资本下乡与规模经营的困境

Incorporated farm:dilemma of capital inflow in village and scale operation

在推动农业现代化转型过程中,工商业资本下乡的做法可以推动土地流转并形成规模化经营,然而公司制农场依然无法克服粮食种植的低效问题,反而会因公司化制度而产生额外的经营成本,由此造成规模经营的困境。资本下乡的逐利本性不安于种植环节的超低回报率,公司制农场只得分级承包土地以转嫁成本,或以产业转型来外包低效的生产环节。这种制度调适造成了农村地权的复杂格局,也形成了对小农经营的挤出,暗含了对粮食安全与农村稳定的危机。

The industrial and commercial capital flow into village could promote land circulation and form scale operationin agricultural modernization.However,the incorporated farm pattern fails to solve the inefficiency problem in grain cultivation.What＇more,it generates extra operational cost and hereby cause the dilemma of scale operation.The interest-earning nature of capital flow is far from being content with the super-low return rate of the grain cultivationso they transfer the burden by contracting land or outsourcing the inefficient production.This system adaption result in the complex structure of the rural land property rightsand the crowding-out effect on small-scale operation,which embodies a crisis endangering food security and rural stability.