“游于艺”中的“游”与“艺”——兼论民众日常生活技艺的道德依据

On the “Practice” and “Art” in “Practice in Art”-On the Moral Basis of people's Daily Life Skills

在中国古代思想史上,对于《论语·述而》篇中"游于艺"一句,不同时代的经学家提出了不同理解。历时地梳理与比较汉、宋、清的经学家基于不同的历史与社会意识对于"游于艺"中"游"与"艺"的不同解读,对于"游于艺"与"志于道、据于德、依于仁"的关系所做出的不同阐释,有助于清晰地呈现这一繁复的中国传统文化思想遗产中所保留的重视道德理想的理性精髓,又能够突现其轻视实验精神的智性缺憾。接续"五四"新文化运动以来的现代学者对这一思想传统的自反性与批判性分析,可为普通民众日常生活技艺的存在价值与合法地位找到理论证据,又可为当下中国政府所提倡并为全社会积极响应与践行的"工匠精神"提供思想史的借鉴。

In the history of ancient Chinese thought, classic humanists of different ages put forward different understanding of the sentence＂Practice in art＂in The Analects of Confucius. This paper examines and compares the different sociological and historical interpretations of it of these humanists in Han, Song and Qing dynasties. It also give different explanations to the relationship between ＂Practice in art＂ and ＂Aspire in Tao, hold in morality and depend on benevolence＂, which helps clearly show the essence of great importance to rational moral ideal of this complicated intellectual heritage of traditional Chinese culture, but also reflects itsintellectual contempt to experi- mental spirit. This reflective and critical analysis since ＂May Fourth Movement＂ of modern scholars provides theo- retical ground for the existence value of daily life skills for common public and ideological reference to the ＂artisan spirit＂ promoted by Chinese government in current times.