从蒙古与印度史诗中的人物看其宗教文化色彩——以《江格尔》和《摩诃婆罗多》为例

On the Religious Culture in Mongolian and Indian Epics——Taking Jangar and Moke Mahabharata as Examples

宗教与文学从起源到发展,一直互为表里,相互交融,共生共在,史诗就是以一种文学叙事方式构造出了独特的宗教信仰体系。蒙古族史诗《江格尔》的人物身上显现着萨满教属性,印度史诗《摩诃婆罗多》的人物身上体现着对印度教永恒的"正法"的追求。一般来看,蒙古族史诗人物身上的萨满特点具有外在性的表征,而印度史诗人物对正法的追求则具有主观色彩。其原因是,以《江格尔》为代表的蒙古族史诗主要是在具有原始宗教性质的萨满教观念影响下产生的,而《摩诃婆罗多》则是深受多神教与人为宗教影响的结果。

Religion and literature are an integral part and mixed together from its beginning. Epic is a unique religious belief system in the form of literary narration. The characters in Mongolian epic Jangar embody the feature of Shamanism. The characters in Indian epic Moke Mahabharata show the eternal pur- suit of Dharma in Hindu. In general, the Shamanism in Mongolian epics has extrinsic representation, but the pursuit of Dharma in Indian epic has subject color. It is due to the fact that Mongolian epic like Jangar appeared under the influence Shamanism with its primitive religious nature, but Moke Mahabharata is the result of multi-god religion and artificial religion.