“泉水聚落”水系统构成分析研究

Analysis of water system composition based on the spring settlements

泉水系统是泉水聚落区别于一般性传统聚落的特质要素,泉水系统构成的研究能够揭示泉水聚落的形成机制,对于从根本上揭示泉水聚落的形态构成和保护利用都具有重要的意义。文章在文献检索、考证和实地调研的基础上,利用类型学的方法对泉水聚落中的水系统进行构成分析研究,在依托自然出漏的泉源所形成的泉水聚落中,结合生活使用、生产利用和居住安全的需求在聚落内构建了完整的泉水系统,根据职能和使用方式又可进一步划分为出漏、输送、泄流三个子系统。泉水要素在聚落中的具体存在形式均是基于泉水系统的理想模型,在不同的出漏条件、地理环境、泉水涌量下演变发展而来,聚落内泉水从溢出到泄流的整体系统构成以及子系统形式的多样化特征,其背后蕴含着受地理环境和涌量制约的内在规律性。

The spring system is the characteristic element of the spring settlements, which distinguishes the spring settlements from general traditional settlement. The research of the spring system can reveal the formation mechanism of the spring. Based on a large number of literature review, contextual studies and field investigations, with typology as a methodology, this article elaborated a research on the composition analysis of the water system in the spring settlements. Among the spring settlements supported by artesian springs, springs as iconic elements of the settlements can be in forms of artesian well, spring pools, spring bay, springs canal, etc. Complied with the supply for domestic and production usage and for domestic security considerations, integrated spring water systems were built within spring settlements. According to the functions and usages, the spring system then can be further divided into three secondary systems of discharge, delivery and runoff system. The results show that the specific form of the spring elements existing in the settlements are based on an ideal model of the spring system, which have evolved and developed under different artesian conditions, geographical environments, and water flow volumes. The formation of the overall integrated system from spring water discharge to the runoff, as well as the diversified characteristics of the secondary systems are conditioned by the geographical environment and flow volume of the springs, which is indicated as an inherited characteristic.