太阳能高效利用减反射技术研究进展

Research progress of antireflection technology for high solar energy efficiency

减反射技术是提高太阳能利用效率、促进太阳能应用发展的有效途径。但受各种减反射薄膜制备技术的限制,目前还难于达到最佳利用效果,因此减反射技术在太阳能领域的应用还有很大发展空间。文章综述了在太阳能利用领域所采用的各种减反射技术,如PVD、Sol-Gel和腐蚀等方法的性能、工艺特点和应用现状,指出现有的以1/4波长干涉原理为基础的减反射技术难于实现太阳能的高效利用的原因,总结分析了不同类型的减反射技术和性能特点,提出了梯度折射率减反射是实现超低反射率、超宽带减反射的最佳技术路线,通过总结PVD、等离子刻蚀、纳米组装、Sol-Gel及腐蚀法等各种减反射方法的制备技术特点,阐述了各种减反射技术制备梯度折射率膜层的可行性,展望了梯度折射率减反射技术在太阳能高效利用领域的发展前景。

Antireflection technology is one of the effective ways to improve the solar energy efficiency and promote the development of solar energy applications. However, the preparation technology is not perfect which limits its use in solar energy filed. In this paper, most kinds of antireflection preparation technologies, such as PVD, Sol-Gel, etching method, and so on, are reviewed. The processing characteristic, product properties and present application of these technology are also surveyed. It is pointed out that the antireflection technology based on 1/4 wavelength interference principle can not realize the high solar energy efficiency due to the high reflectivity and narrow antireflection bandwidth of the antireflection film with single-layer or multi-layer homogeneous refractive index. Therefore, it is thought that the best method of acquiring the antireflection with ultra-low reflectance and ultra-wide bandwidth is the gradient refractive index antireflection technology. The practicability methods of preparing gradient refractive index antireflection films are discussed by comparing various preparation technology including PVD, plasma etching, nano-assembly, Sol-Gel and etching method. The development of gradient refractive index antireflection technology applied in high solar energy efficiency filed are exoected.