专家科学知识与城市绿色规划——基于知识观的角度

Experts' Scientific Knowledge and Urban Green Planning:From the Perspective of Knowledge

城市环境决策依赖科学又不是完全按照生态专家的意愿,这引发对环境专家科学知识的科学性与作用的争议,聚焦于科学与决策的鸿沟及能否融合它。是世界观、价值观还是利益、知识区域扩展了科学与政策的鸿沟?知识观视角下,本质的联系在于:专家知识的科学性与决策是两个界面;专家知识也具有不确定性;科学与决策都是有限理性;科学的不确定性与环境政策是一个非线性的复杂过程。实践上,科学对绿色规划的影响力在于政府官员怎样对待专家知识以及社会对官员权力的看法。荷兰城市决策者普遍认为专家知识具有实用性,但对推动"知识合作生产""知识经纪"并不热心和认同,应对科学的不确定性更应"等等看"。对其背后假设的哲学思考,可以推动我国对待环境专家科学知识的理性行为。

Urban environmental decision--making depends on science and is not entirely in accordance with the wishes of ecological experts, which led to the controversy of scientificity and the role of expert knowledge, focusing on the scientific and decision--making gap and whether it can be integrated. Is the world outlook, values, interests or knowl- edge expand the gap of science and policy？ From the view of knowledge, the essence relationship are those that scienti- ficity and decision--making is two interfaces; expert knowledge is uncertain; science and decision--making is limited rational; the uncertainty of science and environmental policy is a complex process of nonlinear. In practice, the influ- ence of science on green planning lies in how government officials treat expert knowledge and the views of society on official power. Holland City decision--makers generally believe that the expert knowledge is practical, but not agree to promote the ＂knowledge cooperation production＂＂ knowledge broker ＂. Scientific uncertainty should be put on ＂wait and see＂. The philosophy behind those assumption can promote the rational behavior of our country to the scientific knowledge of environmental experts.