不同大豆蛋白源对黄金鲈生长、饲料利用及肌肉营养成分的影响

Effects of different soybean proteins on growth,feed utilization and muscle composition of Perca flavescens

【目的】研究不同大豆蛋白源对黄金鲈生长、饲料利用及肌肉营养成分的影响,为黄金鲈人工配合饲料的优化提供依据。【方法】以初始体质量为(28.71±0.08)g/尾的黄金鲈为研究对象,分别以豆粕和全脂豆粉为植物蛋白源,鱼粉为动物蛋白源,面粉和糊精为糖源,混合油脂[m(鱼油)∶m(玉米油)=1∶1]为脂肪源,配制成对照组、豆粕组、全脂豆粉组3种等氮(粗蛋白含量420.0g/kg)、等能(总能20.0 MJ/kg)的半精制饲料,其中豆粕组和全脂豆粉组是用豆粕和全脂豆粉分别替代对照组20%的鱼粉蛋白。每组饲料设3个重复,每个重复放养20尾,在控温单循环养殖系统进行为期8周的饲养试验。饲养试验结束后,采用国家标准方法测定黄金鲈肌肉中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分及粗灰分含量。【结果】在本试验条件下,豆粕替代鱼粉蛋白20%组的终末体质量、体质量增加率、特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白质效率与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);而全脂豆粉替代鱼粉蛋白20%组的终末体质量、体质量增加率、特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白质效率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);不同大豆蛋白源对黄金鲈的肥满度、脏体比和肝体比影响不显著(P>0.05)。当豆粕替代20%的鱼粉蛋白时,黄金鲈肌肉中的粗蛋白含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);当全脂豆粉替代20%的鱼粉蛋白时,黄金鲈肌肉中的粗蛋白含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);而不同大豆蛋白源对黄金鲈肌肉中的粗脂肪和粗灰分含量影响不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】在本试验条件下,综合分析不同大豆蛋白源对黄金鲈生长、饲料利用及肌肉营养成分的影响,相同鱼粉蛋白替代水平下,豆粕的替代效果优于全脂豆粉。

【Objective】The effects of different soybean proteins on growth,feed utilization and muscle composition of Perca flavescens were investigated in this study.【Method】P.flavescens with initial weight（28.71±0.08）g at controlled temperature in a single recirculating system were fed by same semi-refined diets of isonitrogenous（crude protein was 420.0g/kg）and isocaloric（total energy was 20.0 MJ/kg）.Using soybean and full-fat soybean flour as plant protein,fish meal as animal protein,dextrin and flour as sugar source,and mixed oil（ratio of fish oil to coin oil was 1∶1）as fat sources,three treatments of con-trol,soybean,and full-fat soybean.Soybean and full-fat soybean groups used soybean and full-fat soybean to replace 20%fish meal protein,respectively.Each treatment had 3replicates with 20 fish in each.After 8weeks,the contents of crude protein,crude fat,moisture,and crude ash in the muscle were determined based on national standard.【Result】There were no significant differences in the body weight,weight gain rate,specific growth rate,feed efficiency ratio,and protein efficiency ratio between soybean groups and control（P〉0.05）.Body weight,weight gain rate,specific growth rate,feed efficiency ratio,and protein efficiency ratio were significantly decreased in full-fat soybean groups（P〈0.05）.There were no significant differences in condition factor,hepatosomatic index and viscera somatic index（P〉0.05）.There were no significant differences in content of crude protein in muscle between soybean groups and control groups（P〉0.05）,while the content of crude protein in muscle in full-fat soybean groups were significantly decreased（P〈0.05）.There were no significant differences in the contents of crude lipid and ash in muscle of P.flavescens（P〉0.05）.【Conclusion】In this experiment,soybean is better than full-fat soybean to replace fish meal protein based on the analysis of growth performance,feed utilization and nutritional composition.