格特隐球菌病的研究进展

Research progress on C.gattii cryptococcosis

格特隐球菌病是一种由格特隐球菌引起的真菌疾病。格特隐球菌通过担孢子和酵母细胞的吸入引起人或动物肺部感染,再传播到中枢神经系统,导致脑膜炎或脑膜脑炎,未经治疗常致命。治疗格特隐球菌中枢神经系统感染需要标准抗真菌治疗并积极处理颅内高压,此外,加用地塞米松可改善持续加重的炎症反应和降低颅内压。本文就格特隐球菌病的分子流行病学、临床表现和诊断以及治疗进行综述。

C. gattii cryptococcosis is a rare fungal disease caused by Cryptococcus gattii. Spores or desiccated yeast cells of C. gattii enter the host respiratory tract by inhalation. Pulmonary infection disseminates most commonly to the central nervous system（CNS） and causes meningitis or meningoencephalitis, which will be fatal if untreated. The treatment to C. gattii CNS infection requires aggressive management of elevated intracranial pressure along with standard antifungal therapy. Furthermore, a high dose of dexamethasone can restrain the inflammatory response and reduce intracranial pressure. In this paper the molecular epidemiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of C. gattii cryptococcosis are reviewed.