即时通讯记录证据能力规则考论

Research on the evidence ability rules of instant messaging data

全球信息化的时代特色引致诉讼法领域证据的信息化发展趋势。在网络证据和数字证据范畴内,即时通讯记录无疑是极具独特性的证据形式。最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的解释》首次明确即时通讯记录的证据地位,即时通讯记录具有通讯主体匿名性、通讯过程瞬时性、通讯方式数据性、通讯语境随意性等特性,使得传统证据能力规则必须进行微调或重组才能适用于该类证据。就法官认证即时通讯记录的证据资格而言,非法证据排除规则、最佳证据规则、综合认定规则、鉴真规则、辨识规则等证据规则的重构,已成为遵循认证专业化的逻辑前提下破解即时通讯记录司法认定现实困境的科学考量。

Evidence information technology is the inevitable trend of the global information technology level. Speaking of scientific evidence, digital evidence and network evidence, instant messaging data is a very different evidence at positive level. Instant messaging data belonging to electronic data evidence has been confirmed by the Supreme People＇s court No. 5 [2015] Judicial Interpretation for the first time. But at negative level, the anonymity of agents, the communication process of instantaneousness, the communication mode of data and the communication context of entertainment made evidence ability rules change. As a result, in the process of certification, reconstruction of illegal exclusion rule, best evidence rule, the recombinant of authentication rule, comprehensive identification rule and identification rule will be the scientific path to optimize the certification of this evidence.