阶层分化下的村庄派性选举与民主决策——基于浙东N县D村的调查

Stratum of Villagers' Autonomy: Factional Struggle and Democratic Decision: Based on Village D,County N,Zhejiang Province

阶层分化村庄中,村庄自治为密集利益引发的派性斗争所主导,上层经济精英掌控了话语权。在选举层面,大多数村民尤其是中下层的村民无法表达自己的意志;但在决策层面村民自治却超越了上层的主导,大部分村民的意志在决策的过程中得以表达,实现了一定程度的民主决策。在选举的过程中,村民参与对于选举结果的影响无非是哪一边的上层来当村干部,自身没有办法参选,不同的选举结果与大多数的中下层村民之间的利益关联并不强。而在利益密集的阶层分化村庄,决策往往意味着利益分配方案的制定,这与村民的直接利益存在较强关联性。而且村民能够通过国家在场的力量,影响决策方案的制定,维护自身的利益,对上层主导的派性斗争进行制衡。

In class differentiation in the village,the village autonomy was led by intensive interests as well as the upper class game,controlling the absolute right to speak. Most of the villagers in the election level,especially the lower and middle villagers,have no way to express their will. But in the decision-making level,villagers' autonomy is beyond the leadership by the upper group,and most of the villagers' wills and wishes will be expressed or realized in the process of decision-making,a certain degree of democratic decision-making. In elections,the influence of villagers participation on the result of the election is determined by which side's upper class takes the office,and they themselves have no chance of being candidates. The result of election has no close relationship with the interests of most lower and middle villagers. In the villages with the intensive class differentiation of interests,the decision making power means the interest distribution planning,which is closely related to the villagers. The villagers can exert their influence on the decision making and thus protect their own interest through resorting to the state government's power to counteract the factional struggle led by the upper villagers.