Web 2.0应用的理论基础及多样化实践——《教育传播与技术研究手册(第四版)》对信息化教学的启示

The Theoretical Basis of Web 2.0 Application and Its Practice——The Enlightenment of "Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology(Fourth Edition)" on Information-Based Teaching

Web 2.0应用,由于能使个人超越时间、空间或技术的限制进行创造、分享、沟通和协作,可以为学习者提供协作学习的机会与方式。支撑"Web 2.0应用"的三大理论——分布式认知理论、维果茨基的社会文化理论和情境认知理论,强调用于支持协作学习的Web 2.0应用必须能支持学习者自主或合作创建人工制品、并能借鉴彼此工作成果共同取得进步;必须能支持基于语言的各种表现形式(如文本、声音或视频)来随意交流思想;必须有利于学习共同体成员之间灵活的、多层次的沟通与互动能力的培育和提高。当前国际上利用"Web 2.0应用"进行的教育实践探索与研究,主要有6种类型:即"发布和分享学习进展与成绩"、"用于支持和完成各种协作任务"、"通过有形人工制品使思考、协作流程和产品可视化"、"通过多媒体功能进行思想交流和人工制品传播"、"真实学习环境中的社交网络"以及"在真实且有意义的环境中创建学习实践社群"。这些多样性实践探索表明:要想通过"Web 2.0应用"来促进协作学习并真正取得较显著的成效,必须把握协作学习主题与协作学习活动设计两个关键因素。

The Web 2.0 application, since it makes individuals create, share, communicate and collaboratebeyond the time, space or technical constraints, provides the opportunity and method of collaborative learning forlearners. The three underpinning theories of ＂Web 2.0 application＂ including the Distributed Cognition Theory,Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, and the Situated Cognitive Theory, emphasizes that the Web 2.0 application forcollaborative learning should support learners to create artificial products on their own or cooperatively, and hencelearners can learn from each other and work together to make progress; must be able to support all kinds of forms（suchas text, audio or video） to freely exchange ideas; help learning community members to get flexible and multi-levelcommunication as well as cultivate and improve their interaction ability. Currently, international educational researchand practice of Web 2.0 application can be classified into 6 main types： ＂publishing and sharing of learning progressand achievement＂, ＂to support and complete a variety of tasks＂, ＂through the visible artifacts to make thinking,collaborative process and product visualized＂, ＂through the multimedia function to exchange ideas and disseminateartificial products＂, ＂real learning environment in the social network＂ and ＂ to create a community of learning andpractice in a real and meaningful learning environment ＂. These various practical explorations show that： to promotecollaborative learning and achieve significant results by the ＂Web 2.0 application＂, the two key factors, that is,designing collaborative theme and collaborative learning activity must be grasped.