新加坡城市交通发展经验及启示

Experiences and Enlightenment of Urban Transport Development in Singapore

新加坡全域国土面积719km^2，人口553万，高峰时段快速路平均车速高于60km／h，中央商务区平均车速为25km／h，公共交通系统高峰期在出行结构中占63％的分担率，85％的公交乘客都可在早高峰45min内完成出行。城市交通运行高效快捷，是一个不堵车的城市。新加坡一体化的治理与规划、居者有其屋的组屋建设、车辆配额系统、中心区拥堵收费、公交专用道、有盖走廊、绿道规划建设等政策和措施对新加坡城市交通的高效运行起着非常大的作用。重点从严格的车辆拥有和使用制度、道路网规划控制、公共停车场规划、轨道一体化规划设计、精细化交通影响评价等进行阐述。

With a 719 square kilometers land area and a population of 5.53 million, Singapore is a small island with a high population density. However, the average speed on expressways is higher than 60 km/h and 25 km/h in central business districts during rush hours. Public transport accounts for 63% in the peak travel structure and 85% public transit can be completed within 45 minutes in the morning peak travel. Singapore has a fast and efficient urban traffic system, which is due to integrated governance and planning, housing ownership construction, vehicle quota system, congestion charges in downtown, bus lanes, green road planning, construction of covered corridor, and other policies and measures. This paper will focus on Singapore＇s strict vehicle ownership and vehicle use system, road network planning and control, public parking planning, rail integration planning and design, fine traffic impact assessment, etc.