公共行政的显性结构与隐性结构

The Explicit Structure and Tacit Structure of Public Administration

公共行政体系包含双重结构:一种是显露于外的显性结构,另一种是隐藏在显性结构背后的隐性结构。每一层结构都是由诸多要素构成的,是结构化的整体。然而,在公共行政研究中,人们所关注的仅仅是其显性结构,组织设计、制度安排以及行政行为的展开,都是在显性结构的层面上做文章,行政改革也总是在公共行政的显性结构层面上寻求变革,而公共行政的隐性结构则受到忽视。可是,公共行政的隐性结构并不因为人们对它的忽视而不发挥作用,在现实的行政实践中,隐性结构及其构成要素时时刻刻都发挥影响作用。所以说,科学的公共行政研究及其实践需要在关注行政显性结构的同时,也去认识行政隐性结构,并着力把握它们之间的互动和相互转化。只有这样,才能总体性地把握公共行政体系,从而获得开展行动的科学方案。

The public administration system consists of a double structure, one is explicit and the other is tacit that hides behind the explicit one. Each level of the structure constitutes various factors and is a structured whole. In the field of the study of public administration, scholars ignore the tacit structure and paid most attention to the explicit structure while the administration reforms seek changes of the explicit structure as well. Despite the neglect of the tacit structure, the tacit structure and its components still exert significant influence in public administration practices. Therefore, emphasis should be laid on the tacit structure as well as the explicit structure with the attention on the interaction and shift between each other. Only in this way could we understand the public administration system as a whole and propose scientific action plans.