干旱区矿区不同立地类型土壤种子库特征

Characteristics of Soil Seed Banks of Different Site Types in Arid Mining Area

矿区的自然或人工植被恢复是维持生物多样性及生态系统稳定的重要途径。通过室外萌发法对金昌镍铜矿区7种不同立地生境土壤种子库的研究表明:该区域土壤中物种丰富度较高,包括16科47属,共56种植物,分别为:藜科(Chenopodiaceae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、菊科(Compositae)、柽柳科(Tamaricaceae)、苋科(Amaranthaceae)、马齿苋科(Portulacaceae)、豆科(Leguminosae)、十字花科(Cruciferae)、车前科(Plantaginaceae)、胡颓子科(Elaeagnaceae)、蒺藜科(Zygophyllaceae)、莎草科(Cyperaceae)、大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)、紫草科(Boraginaceae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、茄科(Solanaceae);植物组成以一年生草本植物占绝对优势(89.3%),多年生草本植物次之(7.54%),灌木种最少(2.59%)。土壤种子平均储量412粒·m^(-2),不同立地类型土壤种子库储量差异显著,与其他荒漠地区比较,土壤种子库储量偏低;土壤种子库物种Simpson多样性指数为:新尾矿周边自然植被区>龙首矿自然植被区>龙首矿开采废弃地>供暖公司柽柳林地。

In red mining area,ecological regeneration through natural and artificial vegetation cultivation is an important way to sustain biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Studies on soil seed banks in different site types can help us understanding the potential power and succession direction of ecological regeneration in these regions. In this study,the outdoor germination methods were used to measure the soil seed banks of seven site types in mining regions in Jinchang City,The results showed that the species richness in this region was relative high,including 56 species in 47 genera and 16 families,and they were Chenopodiaceae,Grarnineae,Compositae,Tamaricaceae,Amaranthaceae,Portulacaceae,Leguminosae,Cruciferae,Plantaginaceae,Elaeagnaceae,Zygophyllaceae,Cypernceae,Euphorbiaceae,Boraginaceae,Rosaceae and Solanaceae. Annual herbs were dominant in the life form and accounted for 89. 3%,perennial herbs accounted for 7. 54%,and shrubs accounted for 2. 59% .Average reserves of soil seed banks was 412 seeds·m^- 2,which was lower than that in other desert region,and the storage of soil seed banks in different site types was significantly different. The Simpson diversity index of soil seed species was in an order of the natural vegetation area around the new tailings area〉 natural vegetation area of Longshou mine 〉wastelands of Longshou mine 〉tamarisk forest of the heating company.