黑河中游土地利用变化对生态系统服务的影响

Effects of Land Use Change on Ecosystem Services in the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River Basin

土地利用变化直接改变生态系统结构、功能和过程,是生态系统服务变化的重要驱动力之一。基于黑河中游2000年和2014年土地利用/覆被数据和相关地理信息数据,利用InVEST模型模拟了黑河中游2000年和2014年生境质量、土壤保持量、水源涵养和气体调节4种生态系统服务的价值及空间分布特征,并通过划分5 km×5 km的格网计算其与土地利用强度的Pearson相关系数,定量分析土地利用变化对生态系统服务的影响。结果表明:12014年,黑河中游生境质量一般,土壤保持总量6.92×10~8t,产水量3.93×10~8m^3,固碳4.55×10~7t;2从2000—2014年,生境质量、水源涵养和气体调节能力大幅下降,东南部表现最为显著,土壤保持功能基本稳定;3土地利用强度与土壤保持不存在显著相关性,与生境质量、水源涵养和气体调节服务均呈正相关关系,表明土地利用强度的增加在一定程度上有利于生态系统服务价值的提高。研究结果可为黑河中游生态系统管理提供借鉴。

Land use change is one of the important driving forces to ecosystem service change,which changes directly the structure,function and process of ecosystem. Based on the land use/cover change data and the geographic data in 2000 and 2014,in this study the InVEST model was used to simulate the value and spatial distribution of habitat quality,soil conservation,water yield and climate regulation in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin in 2000 and 2014. The study area was divided into 5 km × 5 km grids,and the Pearson coefficients of land use intensity and the mean values of ecosystem services in grids were calculated to quantitatively analyze the effects of land use change on ecosystem services. The results are as follows： 1 In 2014,the habitat quality of the study area was ordinary,the total soil conservation was 6. 92 ×10^8 t,water yield was 3. 93 ×10^8m^3,and carbon sequestration was 4. 55 ×10^7t; 2 During the period from 2000 to 2014,the capabilities of regulating the habitat quality,water yield and climate were sharply decreased,especially in the southeast,and the soil conservation function was basically stable; 3 There was no significant correlation between the land use intensity and the soil conservation. However,there were the positive correlations among the land use intensity and the habitat quality,water yield and climate regulation. These results could be referred in ecosystem management in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin.