煤粉尘沉降对内蒙古草原重要植物冰草根系和叶片生长的影响

Effect of coal dust deposition on the root system and leaf growth of Agropyron cristatum as an important plant in Inner Mongolia grassland

为了研究露天煤矿粉尘沉降对于草地植物的影响,试验采用人工喷撒煤粉的方法,模拟研究了煤粉尘沉降对草地植物冰草的影响,对其根系生长和叶片光合作用指标进行了分析。结果表明:以1.18 g/(m^2·d)的沉降速率喷撒煤粉后,在喷撒到第5周时降低了冰草根系的生长速率,也降低了叶片的净光合效率、气孔导度与蒸腾速率,并最终导致生物量减小。说明露天煤矿的粉尘排放会阻碍矿区周边草地上的冰草生长,长期排放可能会导致矿区周边冰草消失,进而改变局部草地物种多样性和生态服务功能。

To study the effect of dust deposition in opencast coal mine on grassland plants, an artificial method of spraying coal powder was used to simulate and study the effect of coal dust deposition on Agropyron cristatum as a grassland plant, and then its root system growth and photo- synthesis parameters were analyzed, respectively. The results showed that when spraying the coal powder at a dose of 1.18 g/（ m2 · d）for 5 weeks, the growth rate of root system, net photosynthetic efficiency of leaves, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of Agropyron cristatum were reduced and ultimately led to a reduction of plant biomass. The results indicate that dust emission in opencast coal mine may hinder the growth of Agropyron cristatum on the grassland around the mining area, and long - term emission may lead to the disappearance of Agropyron cristatum in the surrounding area, thus changing the species diversity and ecosystem services of the local grassland.