新疆乌恰托云苏约克泉华景观特征及成因

The Landscape Features and Genesis of Suyueke Tufa in Wuqia,Xinjiang

苏约克泉华位于新疆乌恰县托云乡托云盆地北缘、天山山系西部吐尔尕特山南麓,是西北干旱地区泉华的典型代表。在对苏约克泉华水文地质、地貌、区域地质背景进行全面考察的基础上,通过岩石标本分析、水样全分析,以及河水和泉水的氢氧稳定同位素比较,对泉华景观的成因进行了初步研究。结果表明:苏约克泉为典型的冷泉,泉水水化学类型为HCO_3-Ca^(2+)型;吐尔尕特山南坡冰雪融水和夏季降水为其主要补给,补给高度与雪线高度吻合,区域内泉水均属于气候成因型;在地层深部的热变质作用和灰岩去碳酸化过程中产生的大量CO_2,成为逸气的主要气体成分;在深部水循环过程中部分CO_2与围岩、宿主岩石进行化学反应所形成的Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、HCO_3^-、SO_4^(2-)等离子,成为泉华的物质基础;泉华滩表面密集发育微型钙华池和边石坝。泉华的主要成分为CaCO_3,其次含有少量MgCO_3,类型上属于泉华中的钙华;氧化形成的高价Fe^(3+)使泉华滩呈现出以白色、棕红色为主多种色彩。

Based on the comprehensive survey on hydrogeological characteristics, geomorphology, and geology background of Suyueke tufa in Wuqia ,Xinjiang, through the analysis of rock samples, total analysis of water samples and the comparison of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope between river and springs water, the paper conducted a preliminary study of the causes of tufa landscape. The results indicated, the springs in Suyueke are typical cool springs, the hydrochemistry type of the springs is HCO3^-Ca, the snow meltwater and summer rainfall on the southern slope of the mountain Turgart are main water sources of these springs, the recharging altitude corresponds with the snow line; The spring are all climate causes type; During the process of thermal metamorphism of deep strata and removing carbonation of Limestone, a great deal of carbon dioxide generated, which is the main gas composition in outgassing phenomenon of spring exports; In deep water cycle, the huge number of Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋、HCO3^-、SO4^2- and other small amount of ion are produced by the chemical reaction between CO2 and adjacent rock Based on the comprehensive survey on hydrogeological characteristics, geomorphology, and geology background of Suyueke tufa in Wuqia ,Xinjiang, through the analysis of rock samples, total analysis of water samples and the comparison of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope between river and springs water, the paper conducted a preliminary study of the causes of tufa landscape. The results indicated, the springs in Suyueke are typical cool springs, the hydrochemistry type of the springs is HCO-3Ca, the snow meltwater and summer rainfall on the southern slope of the mountain Turgart are main water sources of these springs, the recharging altitude corresponds with the snow line; The spring are all climate causes type; During the process of thermal metamorphism of deep strata and removing carbonation of Limestone, a great deal of carbon dioxide generated, which is the main gas composition in outgassing phenomenon of spring exports; In deep water cycle, the huge number of Ca2＋、Mg2＋、HCO-3、SO2-4 and other small amount of ion are produced by the chemical reaction between CO2 and adjacent rock or host rock, which are the material basis of tufa;Tufa shoal are mainly located on the slope of the valley and alluvial fans with variety of colors, such as white, brown and other colors, layers of travertine pools and rimstone dam developed on the surface of the tufa shoal. The main component of tufa are CaCO3 and a slight amount of MgCO3, Suyueke tufa is essentially the calcareous sinter. It is the ferric iron from oxidizing action or other elements that made the tufa shoal showing a variety of colors, such as brown, yellow, brownish red, and offwhite. Suyueke tufa has a strong aesthetic value and scientific value.