试析中国特色软权力的理论基础--“一带一路”与国际规范供给的视角

Theoretical Basis of Chinese Soft Power Characteristics——“One Belt,One Road” and the Perspective of the International Normal Supply

本文以中国的"一带一路"战略的提出以及中国国际规范的供给为研究背景,旨在为理解"中国特色软权力"提供理论基础。笔者首先应用葛兰西学派的政治学理论及新葛兰西学派的国际关系理论,对以约瑟夫·奈为代表的主流"软权力"概念进行批判性反思,将"软权力"定义为既在内部构成主导权,又在外部塑造世界秩序的重要力量。由笔者所首倡的"相互依存式主导权"理论将介入对国际政治经济大变革时代硬权力与软权力交互关系的讨论。本文认为,如果中国能在较长时间内保持经济上的高速增长,那么其经济实力的"外溢"效应——特别是在海外援助、对外直接投资和国际贸易等全球议题领域的积极作为——将最终使中国对外政策和国际行为成为"常态"。由此而来,传统的软权力的概念必将会容纳"中国特色"。

Against the background of China＇s ＂One Belt, One Road＂ strategy in connection with its rise as an international norm-provider, this article offers a theoretical framework for con- ceptualizing ＂soft power with Chinese characteristics.＂ In this article, the Gramscian political theory and neo-Gramscian IR theory are applied to critically review Nye＇s soft power notion. It in- tends to treat soft power both as an important component of internal pattern of hegemony and as part of outward power expansion in shaping the world order. In addition, the application of the author＇s own ＂interdependent hegemony＂ theory aims to posit that hegemony, both hard and soft power, will be intertwined in an era of the great transformation of international relations and in- ternational political economy. The article concludes that if China＇s economic development remained to be successful in a long run, the external expansion of its economic power-especially its overseas aid, investment and trade-would eventually make Chinese policies and practices be- come ＂normal＂. As a result, the conventional notion of soft power would have to accommodate the ＂Chinese characteristics＂.