福船源流考

On the History of Fuchuan

福船是我国帆船航海时期三大船型之一,是古代海上丝绸之路中主要的商贸船。这种在福建建造的船舶可能源自一种福建白水郎特有的了鸟船,而它又是从卢循发明的八艚舰衍生而来。尖底阔面、首尾高昂以及具有良好水密性的福建船到北宋末时就获得了"海舟以福建船为上"的赞誉,从此成为我国的代表性海船。在数千年的发展过程中,福建船还被选作外交使节乘坐的官船,在明朝中叶以后,更因为倭乱的原因,被改造成了各式的战船,并因此有了"福船"的专称。

Fuchuan, one of the three major types of boats in the history of Chi-nese junks, is the most important trading boat on the Maritime Silk Road. This paper considers that Fuchuan is likely to have its origins in a particular kind of fishing boat- Liaoniaochuan of Fujian fishermen , which can be traced to the Bacao battle boat inven-ted by Lu Xun. Towards the end of Northern Song Dynasty, Fuchuan was highly regar-ded for its feature of sharp bottom, wide range,high prow and stem,and good water tightness, and it was said that “ the best sea-going vessel was from Fujian” . It became the most representative boat of China. Fuchuan was chosen as the official boat for diplo-matic envoys. After mid Ming dynasty, Fuchuan was reformed into all kinds of battle boats, and this kind of boat was referred to as ＂Fuchuan＂ which means ＂Lucky Boat＂.