明代泉州区域海防及其与海外贸易政策的关系

Quanzhou Coastal Defence in the Ming Dynasty and Its Relationship with Overseas Trade Policy

为抵御海上的侵扰,明朝采取禁止私人贸易、墟屿迁民等政策,展开一系列的海防建设,同时通过籍民为兵的方法充实海防兵力,为此构成一个较为完备的海防体系。从泉州区域海防的确立及其逐渐废弛缘由探讨中兼论了海外贸易政策与海防之间的关系:初期,实施禁止私人贸易的海外贸易政策配合了整体海防战略,海防与海外贸易政策之间相辅相成,确保了沿海地区的安全;但随着卫所制度的日渐崩溃、吏治的腐败等弊端渐次凸显,禁止私人贸易的海外贸易政策长期无法有效地执行,中央逐渐失去对沿海地方的控制能力,此时禁止私人贸易的政策加剧了海防的危机。"隆庆开海"是明政权在权衡海防与海外贸易政策之间的利弊中进行的一个实验。

In order to resist the invasion from the sea,the government of Ming Dynasty prohibited private trade,moved people away from the coast,and launched a series of coastal construction. Through the policy of ＂turning civilians into soldiers＂,the coastal defense was enhanced,These measures constituted a relatively complete system of coastal defense. Through describing the establishment of the Quanzhou coastal defence and its gradual decline,this paper discusses the relationship between overseas trade policy and coast defense. In the beginning,The implementation of the prohibition of private overseas trade coordinated with the overall coastal defense strategy,thus ensuring the safety of the coastal areas. But with the decline of the defense system,corruption etc. became serious,and the prohibition of private overseas trade could not be implemented effectively anymore,contributing to the government losing the ability to control the coastal areas. Eventually the prohibition of private trade policy exacerbated the crisis of coastal defense. ＂Longqing kai hai＂is an experiment of the Ming regime in dealing with coastal defence and overseas trade.