温州市小学生伤害发生及其影响因素分析

An analysis on the influencing factors of unintentional injuries among elementary school children in Wenzhou City

目的了解温州市小学生伤害发生情况及影响因素,为预防儿童伤害提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取2013—2015年温州市6所小学,每所小学的每个年级抽取3个班级,每个班级抽取28名小学生,调查研究对象伤害发生情况。结果共调查2 859名小学生,伤害年平均发生率为30.81%(95%CI:29.12%~32.50%),伤害发生密度为2.79;受伤部位主要是腿部(35.02%)和手部(33.79%);受伤地点主要在家庭(37.69%)和学校(32.39%)。伤害类型的发生率排前三的依次为跌伤(35.64%)、割/刺伤(33.40%)和挤压伤(25.08%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示女生是挤压伤(OR=0.825)、电击伤(OR=0.594)、交通事故(OR=0.645)、砸伤(OR=0.722)、烧/烫伤(OR=0.782)、爆炸伤(OR=0.401)、溺水(OR=0.636)、中毒(OR=0.671)和抓/咬伤发生(OR=0.723)的保护因素,是多次伤害的危险因素(OR=1.323);年龄增长是跌伤(OR=1.475)、挤压伤(OR=1.620)、砸伤(OR=1.571)、烫/烧伤(OR=1.194)、刺/割伤(OR=1.464)、爆炸伤(OR=1.431)和抓/咬伤(OR=1.263)发生的危险因素,是中毒(OR=0.671)的保护因素;独自乘车(OR=0.360)和家长陪同上学(OR=0.424)相对独自步行上学是交通事故发生的保护因素伤害发生的危险因素。结论小学生各类伤害发生率随年龄增加而上升,男生更易发生伤害;应针对低年龄小学生开展安全教育。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and the influencing factors of the unintentional injuries among Wenzhou elementary school children. Methods A total of 3 050 students were selected from the 1stto 6th grades in 6 primary schools in Wenzhou urban area by multi- stage sampling and were investigated during 2013 to 2015.Results 2 859 students completed the investigation. The morbidity of annual average unintentional injuries was 30. 81%（ 95% CI： 29. 12%- 32. 50%） and the occurrence density was 2. 79. Unintentional injuries occurred mainly at home（ 37. 69%） and school（ 32. 39%）,and the most common site of injuries were leg（ 35. 02%） and hand（ 33. 79%）. For overall incidence,the slip falling injury（ 35. 64%） was highest,followed by cut or pierced（ 33. 40%） and crush injury（ 25. 08%）. Schoolgirl was a protective factor of the injury of crushed,electrical,traffic accident,bashed,burn,exploded,drown,poisoning and bit（ OR〈1）,but was a risk factor of multiple injuries（ OR = 1. 323）. Age was a risk factor of injury of fallen,crushed,bashed,burn,cut or pierced,exploded and bit（ OR〉1. 1）,but was a protective factor of poisoning（ OR = 0. 671）. compared with the students who walked to school alone,the children who were accompanied by their family member and rode alone to school were protective factors of the traffic accident. Conclusion The incidences of the unintentional injuries of elementary school children were increased with the age,and the boy was easier to be hurt.It was suggested for parents,schools and the government to strengthen healthy education for children at the early age.