论希腊科学精神及其在中世纪的继承

On the Greek Scientific Spirit and Its Inheritance during Middle Ages

希腊的科学精神表现为理性的批判和论辩传统,以及超越功利性的自由学术精神。这一科学精神对后世影响深远,并在中世纪得以继承和发展。中世纪对希腊科学精神的自觉继承和弘扬乃是促成近代科学诞生的必要条件,中世纪的大翻译运动、大学和神学家-自然哲学家团体以及唯名论者的挑战则为希腊科学精神的继承和弘扬提供了制度保障和思想训练。

The Greek scientific spirit was included in the traditions of rational criticism and debates, and the free academic spirit be-yond any material interest. This kind of scientific spirit had a profound influence on later generations, and was able to inherit and devel-op during the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages inheriting and developing the Greek scientific spirit can be seen as the necessary condition for the birth of modern science. The great translation movement, the universities, the theologian-natural philosophers＇ organizations, and the challenges from the nominalists not only can be seen as inheriting and developing the Greek scientific spirit, but also can be seen as institutional assurance and mental exercise of the Greek scientific spirit.