富营养化滩涂生物修复研究进展

Review of research on bioremediation in the eutrophication of intertidal flats

近年来,随着海水富营养化加剧,滩涂沉积物多项重要理化参数也随之恶化,进而导致滩涂底质生境退化,表现出较为明显的富营养化趋势。为改善和恢复滩涂沉积物的生态环境,国内外学者进行了较多的生物境修复探索研究工作。作者概述了滩涂富营养化的现状及原因,各种滩涂生物修复技术的原理、特点及其修复效果,分析了各类生境修复技术的优缺点。同时,就滩涂生境修复技术在滩涂修复和海洋环境保护领域今后的研究重点进行了展望。

In recent years, due to the process of eutrophication in sea water, the sediments in the intertidal flats have been eutrophicated. The biodiversity of the tidal flats and various important physical and chemical parameters such as dissolved oxygen capacity have declined significantly. Meanwhile, levels of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen have increased significantly, resulting in habitat degradation in the tidal flats. Several studies have been carried out on bioremediation to restore the ecological environment of the intertidal flats. This article summarizes the current situation of eutrophication in the tidal flats; reviews the principle, characteristics, and consequences of the various bioremediation methods; and compares the merits and demerits of these restoration techniques. The key points of application of bioremediation for eutrophicated intertidal flats are also summarized, and future research directions of bioremediation in applied ecology and environmental protection are put forward.