中国省域生态文明建设水平及其障碍因子研究

Evaluation of Provincial Ecological Civilization Construction in China and Diagnosis of Its Obstacle Indicators

生态文明建设是我国社会经济可持续发展的关键领域之一。基于生态文明建设的内涵,从我国推进生态文明建设的目标任务出发构建生态文明建设评价指标体系,引入耦合协调度模型及障碍度模型,对2014年中国省域生态文明建设的发展状况及障碍因子进行了评价与分析。结果表明:(1)2014年中国生态文明建设地区差异明显,总体水平不高;(2)68%的地区生态文明建设内部系统处于中低耦合协调水平,生态文明发展质量有待提升;(3)当前,国土空间利用不合理与生态文明制度不健全是阻碍生态文明建设的主要因素,其中生态建设与保护投资不足是我国生态文明建设的首要障碍因子,湿地面积、自然保护区面积较小,公共财政支出中节能环保支出占比较低是我国生态文明建设的重要障碍因子。推进生态文明建设,需从区域实际出发,实施差异化政策措施,重点突破区域主要障碍因子的制约。

Ecological civilization construction is one of the key areas of social economic sustainable development in China. Based on the connotation of ecological civilization, this paper established evaluation index system of ecological civilization construction from the perspective of goals and tasks of ecological civilization construction in China, including the indices of national land space optimization, friendly utilization of resources and environment, social and economic harmony, and sound institutional guarantee. The coupled coordination degree model was used to evaluate China＇s provincial ecological civilization construction in 2014. The obstacle indicators of ecological civilization construction were analyzed through calculation of obstacle degree. The results show that：（1）The overall level of China＇s ecological civilization construction in 2014 was low on average with an obvious regional difference;（2）The quality of ecological civilization construction need to be improved, since the internal coordination of ecological civilization was poor. More than 68% of the regions was at the middle and lower coupling coordination level. The ecological civilization construction in China showed the asynchrony not only on ＂quantity＂, but more importantly on the ＂quality＂;（3） The unreasonable national spatial utilization and the imperfect system of ecological civilization were the main factors that hinder the construction of ecological civilization, among which the limited investment and insufficient protection were the first-place obstacle indicator of ecological civilization construction in our country. In addition, the smaller areas of wetland and nature reserve and the lower expenditure of energy conservation and environmental protection were the important obstacle indicators for the construction of ecological civilization. To promote the construction of ecological civilization, differentiation of policies should be developed and implemented based on the regional actual conditions. The key is to break through the limitation of main obstacle indicators and to focus on improving the coordination of ecological civilization system.