作物雄性不育系存在的问题及改良利用

Problems of the Male Sterile Lines and Its Improvement and Utilization

植物雄性不育是作物杂种优势利用的主要途径,具有重要的生产利用价值。雄性不育包括细胞核雄性不育和核质互作雄性不育,生产中以核质互作雄性不育为主。雄性不育系选育应重视提高发芽出土能力、柱头的外露率和生命力以及自身的产量能力;降低自交结实率,减少败育率。文中对作物雄性不育类型、优良不育系应具备的条件、不育系选育应重视的问题以及选育利用等方面进行评述,供杂优育种者参考。

Male sterility is the main way of crop heterosis utilization and had the important value of production. Male sterility included nuclear male sterility and nuclear and cytoplasm interaction male sterility. Nuclear and cytoplasm interactions male sterility accounts for the most in crop production. Breeding of male sterility lines must focus on the abilities of germination, high external stigma rate and vitality and crop yield, low self-fertility percentage and abortive rate. In this essay, types of crop male sterility, characters of excellent male sterility lines, the regarded questions of breeding were reviewed, which will provide reference for breeders.