烟草病虫害综合防治技术田间效果研究

Study on Field Efficacy of Integrated Control Techniques on Tobacco Diseases and Pests

为评价综合防治技术对烟草病虫害的防治效果,开展了天敌昆虫释放、黄板和诱捕器及农药使用对烟蚜、烟青虫、斜纹夜蛾、黑胫病、赤星病及根结线虫病的控制效果调查。结果表明,当地5月下旬,有翅蚜转为无翅蚜定殖为害,大概7月初迁飞至其他作物;斜纹夜蛾在6月中旬达到发生高峰,诱捕器可平均诱捕20.6头/个;释放赤眼蜂和喷施苏云金芽孢杆菌对烟青虫的防效最高可达70.39%,略高于化学对照溴氰菊酯;甲霜·锰锌对当地黑胫病的控制效果较明显,防治效果在74.16%以上;多抗霉素和菌核净对赤星病的药效接近,最高时分别达到64.28%和68.01%,阿维菌素对根结线虫控制效果较为理想,防效均在91%以上。因此,综合防治对烟草病虫害的防治效果接近或略高于常规化学防治,并可显著减少化学农药施用量,利于维护生态环境安全。

In order to evaluate on the efficacy of the integrated control techniques on the main tobacco diseases and pests,the field efficacy of releasing natural enemies,using yellow boards,pheromone trips and pesticides on Myzus persicae（Sulzer）,Heliothis assulta Guenee and Prodenia litura（Fabricius）,Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae（Breda de Hean） Tucker.,Alternaria alternata（Fries） Keissler and Meloidogyne spp. were investigated. The results showed the winged aphids changed to windless aphids in late May,and migrated to other crops in beginning July. P. litura（Fabricius） reached the occurring peak in middle June,the average trapping number of each pheromone trap was 20.6. Besides,by releasing trichogramma and spraying Bacillus thuringiensis,the highest efficacy on H. Guenee reached 70.39%,which was higher than that of deltamethrin as chemical control. In addition,the control effect of ridomil-MZ on local black shank was significant, the control effect was above74.16%. At the same time,the field efficacy of polyoxin and dimetachlone to tobacco brown spot were close,the highest control effect were 64.28% and 68.01%,respectively. Furthermore,root-knot nematode could be controlled well by Abamectin,the control effect was above 91.11%. In summary,the field efficacy of integrated control was close to or better than that of conventional chemical control,while reducing the use of chemical pesticides, it would conducive to the security of ecological environment.