广东中山市的淡水贝类调查初报

A Preliminary Study on Species and Distributions of Freshwater Mollusca in Zhongshan City,South China

2005年6-7月和12月对中山市的淡水贝类进行了调查.共采集样本60份,经鉴定,共采集淡水贝类21种,隶属14科17属,其中腹足纲17种,瓣鳃纲4种.该地区的常见种为梨形环棱螺、多棱角螺、放逸短沟蜷、大瓶螺、尖膀胱螺、凸旋螺和河蚬.淡水贝类的分布特点:河流中的种类多样性最高,以适应流水性的前鳃亚纲种类和双壳类为主;溪流与静水水体的种类多样性较低,前者以肺螺亚纲种类为主,后者以前鳃亚纲种类为主.西江下游淡水贝类的物种丰富度和现存量高于洪奇沥、小榄水道和横门水道.讨论了中山市环境现状与淡水贝类分布的关系,并对两个外来种的分布现状及其造成的危害进行了分析.

Freshwater Mollusca in Zhongshan City were investigated in June,July and December 2015. Totally,60 samples were collected,after identification, 21 species belonging to 17 genera and 14 families were recorded from Zhongshan City,including 17 gastropods and 4 bivalves.Among them,Bellamya puri- ficata ,Angul yagra pol yzonata , Sernisulcospira libertina , P ila gigas , Ph ysa acuta , Gyraulus convexius- culus and Corbicula fluminea were of common species.Distributions of freshwater molluscs in Zhongshan City can be distinctly divided into three groups, the rivers have the greatest species richness, in which prosobranchs and bivalves adapt to flowing water are most diverse.Streams and lentic waters have lower diversity of freshwater molluscs,but the former are mainly consisted of pulmonate species, while the latter mainly prosobranch species.Species richness and standing crop in the lower reach of Xijiang River are higher than that in both Hongqili,Xiaolan Channel and Hengmen Channel.The relationship between distribution of freshwater molluscs and environmental situation in the city are discussed in the end, and the current distribution and damage of two alien gastropod species is also analyzed.